Device away from Individual Nourishment, Company from Eating Research and you may People Nutrients, Agricultural School from Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.M.); (V.B.); (A good.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step one. Addition
Drinks about types of tea, coffee, dairy, juice, sodas, eating plan drinks, energy beverages and you may alcoholic beverages can be found in a big and you will broadening number of choice. Range meets preferences needs, health criteria, and you can life need, assuming multiple products appear, it’s likely to started to euhydration .
Drinks lead as much as twenty five%–50% off water intake [dos,step 3,4], therefore he could be essential for meeting day-after-day h2o requires and achieving euhydration. Moisture might have been in the maintenance out of normal real and cognitive services .
But not, this has been contended you to definitely products contribute somewhat toward increasing being obese pricing international [6,7], due to the energy blogs [8,9,10]. In a number of studies, Sugar Sweetened Products (SSB) consumption could have been on the weight gain in children and you may people , when you are evidence you to definitely decreasing SSBs often decrease the threat of obesity and associated disorder such as for instance diabetes has been seen because the powerful . Time consumption off drinks has increased substantially for the past 40 years from the up to 222 calorie consumption for each and every people each and every day .
Nonetheless, products in the some classes don’t contribute equally to time consumption . The ability posts of one’s drink and additionally consumption patterns may indicate if not, i.age., specific caloric products may be ate scarcely hence adding little to each day times intake. It’s been argued one replacing sweetened caloric beverages which have h2o will help eradicate total energy intake when you look at the overweight people . Nonetheless, use of sweetened caloric drinks is actually an intricate topic that be considered outside the caloric share plus this new perspective off weight loss activities .
Furthermore, on top of that so you can dining use, some circumstances particularly seasonality, physical working out membership and you can sex could affect the fresh diversity in the drink alternatives and you will share to help you complete time intake. This type of items haven’t been fully examined; next degree in this field commonly elucidate the modern case of energy consumption out-of weight-loss present and off beverages specifically.
Within the a past data used into the Greece, with the Water Harmony Survey (WBQ) tool, we found that during the 984 adults, 24% out-of intake of water arises from products . You will find a keen unequivocal need to subsequent complex during these conclusions, elucidating the fresh new contribution off products to complete opportunity consumption and you will balance.